The trichothecenes are a large family of chemically related mycotoxins. They are produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma/Podostroma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys. Chemically, trichothecenes are a class of sesquiterpenes. The determining … See more General classification Trichothecenes are a group of over 150 chemically related mycotoxins. Each trichothecene displays a core structure consisting of a single six-membered ring containing a single … See more The trichothecene mycotoxins are toxic to humans, other mammals, birds, fish, a variety of invertebrates, plants, and eukaryotic cells. The specific toxicity varies depending … See more Trichothecenes are believed to have been discovered in 1932 in Orenburg, Russia, during World War II, by the Soviet Union. Around 100,000 … See more There are no known direct antidotes to trichothecene exposure. Therefore, risk management in contaminated areas is primarily defined by the treatment of exposure … See more The toxicity of tricothecenes is primarily the result of their widely cited action as protein synthesis inhibitors; this inhibition occurs at ribosomes during all three stages of protein synthesis: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, trichothecenes can … See more When it comes to animal and human food, type A trichothecenes (e.g. T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol) are of special interest because they are more toxic than the other foodborne trichothecenes i.e. type B group (e.g. deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3- and 15 … See more Hazardous concentrations of trichothecenes have been detected in corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, rye, vegetables, and other crops. Diseases resulting from … See more Webto lower the trichothecene content of this feedstuff. Table 1. B-type trichothecene toxins in six fractions of maize plants. Thirteen samples were analyzed per fraction. Toxin contents in microgram per kilogram dry matter. Fraction DON 3-ADON 15-ADON NIV FUS-X Kernels n pos 1 7 4 8 3 2 Mean 2 809 b 24 a 114 b 3,569 ab 29 a

Trichothecene - an overview ScienceDirect Topics

WebDec 12, 2016 · Deoxynivalenol (DON): The best-known type B trichothecene is also called vomitoxin due to its emetic effects. It occurs in grain worldwide and at relatively high concentrations. Nivalenol (NIV): This toxin has similar effects as DON and is another representative of the type B trichothecenes. WebJun 25, 2024 · Trichothecenes are frequently found in buildings with water damage but can also be found in contaminated grain. VRA is a small, amphipathic molecule that can move passively across cell membranes. The primary tissues affected by VRA are intestinal and gastric mucosa, bone marrow, and spleen. chef\\u0027s favorite cookware

Occurrence and Distribution of 13 Trichothecene Toxins in …

WebTrichothecene mycotoxins are a family of tetracyclic sesquiterpenoid substances (12,13 epoxytrichothecenes) comprising over 200 compounds of widely varying toxicity. They … WebDec 12, 2016 · Deoxynivalenol (DON): The best-known type B trichothecene is also called vomitoxin due to its emetic effects. It occurs in grain worldwide and at relatively high … WebTrichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the Fusarium genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. flem in bowel movement